g High content images of 4T1 cells stained with RDPP, BCECF-AM, Amplex Red and DCFH-DA after different treatments. Statistical significance was calculated via one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. f Quantification of green fluorescence signals from caspase-3 under different treating conditions. e Activation of caspase-3 in 4T1 cells after various treatments for 24 h (I: PBS II: Laser III: GOx IV: PMNS V: PMNS + laser VI: PMNSG VII: PMNSG + laser). ![]() Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). c Quantitative analysis of LDH release and d ATP assay of 4T1 cells after viaious treatments. Data are presented as mean values ± SD ( n = 5). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.Ī, b In vitro different treatments (PBS, PMNS, PMNS + laser, PMNSG, and PMNSG + laser) of 4T1 cells in normoxia ( a) and hypoxia ( b) environments. j Variation of pH values after various treatment. h Surface strain mapping for PMNS along with different directions (ε xx, ε yy and ε xy), and i the corresponding strain distribution along the white arrows. g UV-Vis absorption spectra of TMB in acid buffer solution (pH = 5.4) with and without 1064-nm laser irradiation (0.4 W cm −2). ![]() f Kinetics for POD-like activity of PMNS. e O 2 generation in different treatments (H 2O 2, H 2O 2 + PMNS and H 2O 2 + PMNS + laser). d Concentration-dependent photothermal curves of PMNS (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μg/mL) under 1064-nm laser irradiation for 5 min. c The relationships between the ratio of the absorbance of PMNS at 8 nm to the length of cuvette (L) (A/L) on the PMNS concentration (C). b UV-Vis-NIR spectra of PMNS at different concentrations. Therefore, our study demonstrates the imaging-guided potential of 3D multispectral PA imaging in feedback-looped cascade catalytic therapy.Ī EDS elemental mapping of Pd and Mo in a single bimetallene nanosheet. We can also treat tumors under the navigation of the PA imaging. Combined with the PA response of the nanozyme, we can simultaneously map the 3D PA signals of dynamic endogenous and exogenous molecules associated with the catalytic process, thus providing a real-time non-invasive visualization. ![]() The combination of nanozyme and GOx can induce the PA signal variation of endogenous molecules. The system consists of a two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanozyme conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx). Here we utilize three-dimensional (3D) multispectral photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging to monitor in vivo cascade catalytic therapy based on a dual enzyme-driven cyclic reaction platform. Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems, however effective imaging modalities and a robust catalytic reaction system are lacking.
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